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Music has been used in psychological operations. The term music torture is sometimes used by critics of the practice of playing loud music incessantly to prisoners or people besieged. The United Nations and the European Court of Human Rights have banned the use of loud music in interrogations. The term torture is sometimes used to describe the practice. While it is acknowledged by US interrogation experts that it causes discomfort, it has also been characterized by them as causing no "long-term effects."〔 〕 Music and sound have been usually used as part of a combination of interrogation methods, today recognized by international bodies as amounting to torture.〔UN Committee Against Torture 1997 “Concluding observations: Israel. 09/05/1997.” http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/1B3ED23212DCBE3B05256547005C47FA〕 Attacking all senses without leaving any visible traces, they have formed the basis of the widely discussed torture in Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. They were, however, devised much earlier in the 1950s and early 1960s, as a way to counter so-called Soviet “brainwashing”.〔McCoy, Alfred W (2006). ''A Question of Torture. CIA Interrogation. From the Cold War to the War on Terror''. New York: Henry Holt and Co.pp.〕 They include: * sensory deprivation * stress positions * sleep deprivation * food and drink deprivation * continuous music or sound ==Instances of use== * A BBC News report claimed that music by the American heavy metal band Metallica, and from children's TV programs ''Barney'' and ''Sesame Street'', was being used to cause sleep deprivation and culturally offend Iraqi POWs.〔〔 〕〔 〕 * Claimed to being used by the United States 361st Psychological Operations Company by〔 Sergeant Mark Hadsell: The ''Washington Post'', quoting a leaked Red Cross report, wrote:〔 〕 |- | Iraq || According to Amnesty International:〔 〕 |- | Israel || On January 12, 1998 the Supreme Court of Israel declined to ban the use of loud music as an interrogation technique.〔 〕 |} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Music in psychological operations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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